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Blood-pressure Medications: Side Effects

Lynn Johnston

High blood-pressure is one of the most common chronic illnesses here in Maine. Many people are on medication for their high blood-pressure.  We call these medications anti-hypertensive medications.  

The two most common categories of medications are the Angio Tensive Converting Enzyme (ACE’s) and the Angiotensin 2 receptor Blockers (ARB’s).  ACE medication  end in”pril”, such as

Enalapril, Lisinopril, Benazepri, and Captopril.

Arb medications end in “sartan”, such as Losartan, Olmesartan, and Valsartan.


These drugs work in different ways but both cause dilation in the blood vessels. This, in turn, decreases the blood pressure.

Side effects

Both of these categories of medication are well tolerated but all medications have the potential for side effect.


  • If the med works to well it will decrease the blood pressure to much.

  • To low a blood pressure causes dizziness, falling, and tiredness.

  • Orthostatic hypotension is when the blood pressure drops when the person stands up fast. Teach your clients to get out of bed or a chair a little slowly.

  • The ACE category can cause a coughing that starts about two weeks after starting the medication.

  • The ARB category can cause an increase in potassium called hyperkalemia. They may also increase the concentration of lithium.

  • A serious side effect for both types of medications is something called Angio Edema. People will get swelling around their eyes and lips.  This reaction should be reported to your supervisor and the provider ASAP!!

Summary:

ACE’s and ARB’s are the most common medications given for hypertension. Usually well tolerated but side effects happen. If you have a client that is starting to fall - check their blood pressure when they are sitting and then as soon as they stand-up.  They may be having a low blood pressure that is causing dizziness and fainting!



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Disclaimer Statement: The information contained within this web site and blog postings is intended for informational purposes only. If you have any medication practice concerns or questions - you should always speak to your supervisor, a medical provider, a nurse consultant or a pharmacist.  The information contained within is not meant to determine or guide your medication administration practices.  You should always seek guidance from your agencies policies and procedures. 11.10.19

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